The Dangers of Malnutrition Among Older Adults
The prevalence of malnutrition in older adults remains one of the most underdiagnosed and untreated issues. Malnutrition is harmful at any age, but older adults are significantly affected. Malnutrition is associated with a decline in functional status, impaired muscle function, decreased bone mass, immune dysfunction, anemia, reduced cognitive function, poor wound healing, delayed recovery from surgery, higher hospital readmission rates, and mortality. Clinical outcomes are vastly different for older adults suffering from malnutrition; they are predisposed to higher fall rates in and out of the hospital and show a much higher readmission rate.
Older adults may be more likely to experience malnutrition due to swallowing difficulties, poor dentition (such as having missing teeth), mobility issues, acute and chronic illnesses, and not meeting changing nutrient demand (such as not getting enough protein), loneliness, depression, being unable to cook for themselves, having trouble accessing shops, and low income. Almost 93% of malnourished older adults live at home, which means their nutritional health is often not monitored.
It’s not always easy to spot the signs of malnutrition. BMI’s under 18.5, or have unintentionally lost greater than 10% of their weight in the last three to six months. People with a BMI of less than 20 with an unintentional weight loss greater than 5% within the last three to six months might also be considered malnourished. Older adults whose clothing or jewelry has become visibly loose, dentures have become loose, have a reduced appetite, lack of interest in food and drink, tiredness, altered mood, and weakness may be suffering from malnutrition.
Malnutrition in older adults can be addressed by encouraging people to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
Drinking more nourishing fluids, such as milk, soups, or having powdered supplements that are high in energy and protein.
Eating high-energy and high-protein foods, such as full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese.
Frozen, ready prepared meals or home meal delivery services might also ensure better nutrition. If the older adult has hypertension or has issues with edema, it is imperative to ensure they are consuming low sodium foods. Consuming fresh items that are not processed is the best way to adhere to a low sodium diet.
But improving nutrition alone might not be the only solution to malnutrition. Older adults may need help with eating and drinking; they may need better fitting dentures, foods that are easier to chew and swallow. For those that are lonely, eating in a pleasant environment might also be vital to building their appetite. Most older adults need someone present at mealtimes to ensure their dietary needs are met. Meeting nutritional needs can quickly be addressed with help from NorthShore Home Cares' highly skilled care team members.